This article reviews the current status of 3D-printed PEEK that has been used in various fields due to its excellent properties. The practicality of 3D-printed PEEK has been a focal point of study for many researchers in numerous industries, particularly in the past decade. The result of a 3D-printed PEEK object is a chemically stable, dense, and rigid material that can be produced in a matter of hours, and the simplicity of the additive manufacturing process has dramatically increased the application of PEEK for customizable parts in numerous industries. PEEK filaments can be made and reinforced with many materials such as carbon fiber (CF) and printed using additive manufacturing with ease. The printed model may sometimes undergo a post-production treatment process, such as polishing or grit-blasting to change surface texture. Therefore, FDM printers are widely used even though they operate at a higher resolution of 100-150 μm. The resolution of SLS printers can be reach 50–100 μm however, they are very expensive compared to FDM printers. Then, it is heated to a semi-liquid state and is extruded through a nozzle where it is printed on a bed in a layer-by-layer manner until the whole object is formed. SLS is a process in which thermal energy provided by a laser or an electron beam selectively fuses regions of a powder bed together in a layer-by-layer manner to create the solid structure, while in FDM printing technology, the filament is loaded the printing system, typically through a feeder motor. Selective laser sintering (SLS) and Fused Filament Fabrication (FDM) or fused filament fabrication (FFF). PEEK can be printed using two types of 3D printing techniques. This information, along with the printing parameters for 3D printing such as the type of material, temperatures of the extrusion nozzle and chamber, amount of material used in an object, and thickness of each layer in the model, are uploaded to the printer in the form of G code to print. Then, the CAD generated model file (STL format file) is exported to a slicing software which slices the object layer by layer. The 3D structure to be constructed using additive manufacturing technology is modeled first using computer-aided design (CAD) software. Īdditive manufacturing is a technology commonly known as 3D printing that creates a three-dimensional structure through the layer-by-layer deposition of the material. PEEK is also a suitable material for customizable parts, given that it is relatively inexpensive and can be transformed into unique structures through additive manufacturing. Additionally, PEEK’s inertness makes it a viable material to construct reactors at the macro and micro levels. Being lightweight and having excellent mechanical properties, PEEK has started being used in aerospace industries. PEEK competes with many metals and alloys, including titanium and aluminum that serve in manufacturing industries. PEEK has a wide range of uses in the medical industry due to its excellent biocompatibility, radiolucency, chemical resistance, low density (1.32 g/cm 3), and mechanical properties resembling human bone. PEEK is a highly durable polymer with an equal balance of a ketone group providing rigidity and an ether group providing flexibility to its structure. PEEK polymer is obtained by step-growth polymerization of 4,4′-difluorobenzophenone (DFPB) and hydroquinone (HQ) conducted at high temperature in a polar solvent such as diphenyl sulphone, giving them a backbone of ether and ketone molecules. Polyether ether ketone (PEEK) is an organic polymer with potential applications in various fields and industries, including medical, chemical, aerospace, and electronics industries. Still, given how the research on PEEK is progressing and its additive manufacturing, it will soon be commercialized for many applications in numerous industries. However, most of the applications are still in the research phase. Based on the results of this systematic review, it was concluded that PEEK is a versatile material, and 3D-printed PEEK is finding applications in numerous industries. After reviewing the articles, and those which matched the inclusion criteria set for this systematic review, we found that the printing of PEEK is mainly performed by fused filament fabrication (FFF) or fused deposition modeling (FDM) printers. A search of the use of 3D-printed PEEK articles published until September 2021 in various fields was performed using various databases. This article systematically reviews the current status of 3D-printed PEEK that has been used in various areas, including medical, chemical, aerospace, and electronics. The use of 3D-printed PEEK has been growing in many fields. Polyether ether ketone (PEEK) is an organic polymer that has excellent mechanical, chemical properties and can be additively manufactured (3D-printed) with ease.
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